In the world of software development and systems engineering, non-functional requirements (NFRs) often take a back seat to their functional counterparts. Yet, overlooking NFRs—especially the less common ones—can lead to serious consequences down the line. As a Business Analyst, your role in identifying and documenting these requirements is critical to the success of any project.
Point of View
There is no absolute point of view from which real and ideal can be finally separated and labelled.
T.S. Eliot [1]
Categories of NFRs
Some of the NFRs categories that we will introduce might not look relevant in your work environment or project, but just play the game of going through all of them before discarding anything. You might realize at one point that the brand-new fleet of ATMs being deployed around the globe may have very different Operational Environments. Some will be installed as standalone in shopping malls, others facing the exterior directly through the walls of branches. They might be in northern Canada or downtown Cairo. Right there, by analyzing one type of NFR, others appear, such as Internationalization and Security.
Frameworks
Prioritization
Prioritize your requirements with a standard nomenclature or use the MoSCoW technique when writing them. Since NFR often do not seem to carry immediate value for a project, especially in “agile mode”, the methodology to prioritize is easy. Forget about abstruse method such as QFD, Planning games, MST most of the time simple words such as Critical, High, Medium, Low, Nice to have, will do for NFRs.
Rationale
“Rationale statements are another great tool for reducing ambiguity in your requirements document. They allow you to simplify your requirements statement while providing users with additional information. A short and concise sentence is usually all that is needed to convey a single requirement – but it’s often not enough to justify a requirement. Separating your requirements from their explanations and justifications enables faster comprehension and makes your reasoning more evident.” [35]e dealt with the constraints, since many requirements are often found in these types of documents.
Requester
Identify the requester of a requirement, it can be an individual, a corporate policy or a department, a regulatory body, a law, etc. When dealing with laws, regulations or the like, make sure that the document is for everybody to see. Consult professionals such as your legal department and people who have dealt with the constraints, since many requirements are often found in these types of documents.
Why again ?
Want to Know More
More on how to work with NFR here.
Acronyms, Abbreviations & Terms
Acronyms
Acronym | Definition | Details |
FURPS+ | Functionality, Usability. Reliability, Performance, and Supportability | [5] |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization, | |
MoSCoW | Must, Should Could, Will not | “The MoSCoW method is a prioritization technique. It is used in software development, management, business analysis, and project management to reach a common understanding with stakeholders on the importance they place on the delivery of each requirement; it is also known as MoSCoW prioritization or MoSCoW analysis.[3] |
RUP | Rational Unified Process | [6] |
SQuaRE | Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation | The ISO/IEC 25000 series of standards, also known as SQuaRE (System and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation), contains a framework to evaluate software product quality. ISO/IEC 25010 defines a set of eight software quality characteristics, or system “-ilities,” i.e. security, reliability, and maintainability.[4] |
Abbreviations
Abbreviation | Definition | Details |
IEC | (International Electrotechnical Commission |
Terms
Terms | Definition | Details |
Works Cited
[1] |
G. Martin, Eliot in Perspective. Little Essex Street, London: Macmillan and Co, 1970, p. 214.
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[2] |
F. Gracioppo, “Capacity & Performance,” Jan. 2017.
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[3] |
C. to, “prioritization technique for a common understanding of the importance of the delivery of each requirement,” Wikipedia.org, Dec. 06, 2004. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoSCoW_method (accessed Aug. 02, 2025).
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[4] |
“Software Quality Standards – ISO 5055 – CISQ,” CISQ, Jan. 31, 2024. https://www.it-cisq.org/ (accessed Aug. 02, 2025).
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[5] |
T. Nakajo, K. Sasabuchi, and T. Akiyama, “A Structural Approach to Software Defect Analysis,” Hewlett-Packard Journal, vol. 40, no. 2, p. 55, Apr. 1989. Accessed: Aug. 03, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.hpl.hp.com/hpjournal/pdfs/IssuePDFs/1989-04.pdf
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[6] |
P. Kruchten, The Rational Unified Process. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000.
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